文章目录
1 浏览器网络请求流程
-
浏览器首先链接 DNS 服务器，获取域名对应的 ip 地址
-
通过 ip 和 http 默认端口 80 链接服务器
-
浏览器将请求数据组合成 http 协议的请求文本，发送给服务端
-
服务端收到请求，需要解析请求文本，根据请求资源路径找到对应的资源
-
把资源按照 http 响应格式组成响应文本发送给浏览器
-
浏览器收到响应文本之后进行解析展示
2 搭建静态 web 服务器
1
2
3
| python -m http.server
python3 -m http.server
|
-m 运行模块 __name_以__main_
2.1 Web 服务器开发流程
- 编写一个 TCP 服务端程序
- 获取浏览器发送的 HTTP 请求报文数据
- 读取固定页面数据，把页面数据组装成 HTTP 响应报文数据发送给浏览器。
- HTTP 响应报文数据发送完成以后，关闭服务于客户端的套接字。
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
| import socket
import time
if __name__ == '__main__':
tcp_server_socekt = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
tcp_server_socekt.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)
tcp_server_socekt.bind(("", 8080))
tcp_server_socekt.listen(128)
while True:
client_socekt, client_addr = tcp_server_socekt.accept()
client_request_data = client_socekt.recv(1024).decode()
print(client_request_data)
f = open("./static/index.html", "rb")
file_data = f.read()
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_header = "Server:haha\r\n"
response_body = file_data
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode() + response_body
client_socekt.send(response_data)
client_socekt.close()
|
2.2 返回指定页面
解析请求行中的资源路径
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
|
client_request_data = client_socekt.recv(1024).decode()
if len(client_request_data) <= 1:
print("客户端已经关闭")
print(client_request_data)
else:
request_data = client_request_data.split(" ")
print(request_data)
request_path = request_data[1]
if request_path == "/":
request_path = "/index.html"
try:
with open("./static" + request_path, "rb") as f:
file_data = f.read()
except Exception as e:
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"
response_header = "Server:pwb\r\n"
response_body = "404 Not Found sorry"
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n" + response_body).encode()
client_socket.send(response_data)
else:
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_header = "Server:pwb\r\n"
response_body = file_data
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode() + response_body
client_socket.send(response_data)
finally:
client_socket.close()
|
2.3 多任务版服务器
开启多个线程处理接收和发送操作
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
| import socket
import threading
def handle_client_request(client_socekt):
client_request_data = client_socekt.recv(1024).decode()
print(client_request_data)
requst_data = client_request_data.split(" ")
print(requst_data)
if len(requst_data) == 1:
client_socekt.close()
return
request_path = requst_data[1]
if request_path == "/":
request_path = "/index.html"
try:
with open("./static" + request_path, "rb") as f:
file_data = f.read()
except Exception as e:
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"
response_header = "Server:pwb\r\n"
response_body = "404 Not Found sorry"
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n" + response_body).encode()
client_socekt.send(response_data)
else:
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_header = "Server:pwb\r\n"
response_body = file_data
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode() + response_body
client_socekt.send(response_data)
finally:
client_socekt.close()
if __name__ == '__main__':
tcp_server_socekt = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
tcp_server_socekt.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)
tcp_server_socekt.bind(("", 8080))
tcp_server_socekt.listen(128)
while True:
client_socekt, client_addr = tcp_server_socekt.accept()
sub_thread = threading.Thread(target=handle_client_request, args=(client_socekt,))
sub_thread.start()
|
关闭浏览器，服务端报错
原因：客户端关闭，服务端 recv 方法不会阻塞，一直读取，读取空数据
1
2
3
4
5
|
client_request_data = client_socekt.recv(1024).decode()
if not client_request_data:
return
|
2.4 面向对象服务端
- 定义 Server 类
- 在__init__中创建 socket
- 定义 start 开启接收客户端请求
- 客户端请求接收到之后开启新线程执行后续的接收和发送数据操作
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
13
14
15
16
17
18
19
20
21
22
23
24
25
26
27
28
29
30
31
32
33
34
35
36
37
38
39
40
41
42
43
44
45
46
47
48
49
50
51
52
53
54
55
56
57
58
59
60
61
62
63
64
65
66
67
68
69
70
71
72
73
74
75
76
77
78
79
80
81
82
83
84
85
86
87
| import socket
import threading
class HttpWebServer:
def __init__(self):
self.tcp_server_socekt = socket.socket(socket.AF_INET, socket.SOCK_STREAM)
self.tcp_server_socekt.setsockopt(socket.SOL_SOCKET, socket.SO_REUSEADDR, True)
self.tcp_server_socekt.bind(("", 8080))
self.tcp_server_socekt.listen(128)
def handle_client_request(self, client_socekt):
client_request_data = client_socekt.recv(1024).decode()
print(client_request_data)
request_data = client_request_data.split(" ")
print(request_data)
if len(request_data) == 1:
client_socekt.close()
return
request_path = request_data[1]
if request_path == "/":
request_path = "/index.html"
try:
with open("./static" + request_path, "rb") as f:
file_data = f.read()
except Exception as e:
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 404 Not Found\r\n"
response_header = "Server:pwb\r\n"
response_body = "404 Not Found sorry"
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n" + response_body).encode()
client_socekt.send(response_data)
else:
response_line = "HTTP/1.1 200 OK\r\n"
response_header = "Server:pwb\r\n"
response_body = file_data
response_data = (response_line + response_header + "\r\n").encode() + response_body
client_socekt.send(response_data)
finally:
client_socekt.close()
def start(self):
while True:
client_socekt, client_addr = self.tcp_server_socekt.accept()
sub_thread = threading.Thread(target=self.handle_client_request, args=(client_socekt,))
sub_thread.start()
if __name__ == '__main__':
my_web_server = HttpWebServer()
my_web_server.start()
|
3 动态端口
获取通过命令行执行 python 文件传递的参数
1
2
3
4
5
6
| import sys
argv = sys.argv
if len(argv)==2 and argv[1].isdigit():
print(argv[1])
|
默认没有传递参数，只有一个元素 文件名
sub_thread.start()
if name == ‘main’:
# 创建服务器对象
my_web_server = HttpWebServer ()
# 启动服务器
my_web_server.start ()
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
12
|
获取通过命令行执行python文件传递的参数
```python
import sys
argv = sys.argv
if len(argv)==2 and argv[1].isdigit():
print(argv[1])
|
默认没有传递参数，只有一个元素 文件名
